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The question of 'the'

Published 19-Jan-1992 in the Denver Post
Copyright ©1992 by Ed Quillen. All rights reserved.

When I studied geography as a schoolboy, the major complication was Africa. At annoyingly frequent intervals, we had to memorize details about new nations: Zaire, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Burundi, etc. I was jealous of my parents, for in their schooldays, that map was much simpler: German East Africa, Belgian Congo, etc.

Young scholars must feel the same way now, though their annoyance has shifted to Eurasia. They gained a little when two nations became just one Germany, but in the past year, a single USSR has turned into 15 nations.

Each has its own flag, capital, population and borders to memorize. I don't envy those who must learn Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata, Kirghizia, Frunze, Azerbaijan, Baku, and so forth. My generation had it easy with a simple USSR and Moscow.

One result of this cartographic revision is that the Ukraine (capital Kiev, population 51,377,000, area 233,100 square miles) now prefers to be just Ukraine. Some point out that the Ukrainian language has no definite article, so it is impossible to say the Ukraine there. Others say the shorter locution represents independence; the Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union, while Ukraine is a nation.

This inspires contemplation of the use of the definite article in Official English.

For instance, Colorado is our state. The Colorado is a river, just as Arkansas is a state and the Arkansas a river, or Gunnison a town and the Gunnison a river.

It would thus appear that we use the before a natural feature, and omit the before a human contrivance, such as a political unit. We say the Royal Gorge is in Frémont County, not Royal Gorge is in the Frémont County.

However, South Park is the vast intermontane valley around Fairplay and Como. The South Park is a narrow-gauge railroad which once served that region. Here we use the before a human invention, and omit the before a natural feature.

Our usage is also inconsistent for similar features. Rivers are honored with the, but not other bodies of water, like reservoirs and creeks.

We tried fishing on the Gunnison. We struck out at Blue Mesa Reservoir, too. Finally we got a case of tall boys and headed up Cebolla Creek. That's good Colorado English. You should be exiled if you say We cast flies on Gunnison River without success, as was also the sad case with the Blue Mesa Reservoir, but eventually we enjoyed a rewarding experience on the Cebolla Creek.

But this rule about the before rivers is not universally followed. Historian Marshall Sprague, whose lively work I much enjoy, writes on Blue River and down Snake River.

Nor is our usage consistent about where rivers flow: it's the Black Canyon near Montrose, but plain Gore Canyon near Kremmling, where the Gore is the mountain range west of town and the Troublesome is a creek and its basin -- troublesome and gore are also sometimes used to describe big-game hunters and their results.

Perhaps our legislature, like the Ukrainian Parliament, could decree when we should and should not use the. If they can find time to ponder whether the square dance should be designated the Official State Dance, then they certainly can ignore school finance for long enough to provide definitive guidance to users of Official English.


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