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When it comes to bowdlerizing, Hollywood is hypocritical

Published 24 September 2002 in The Denver Post
Copyright ©2002 by Ed Quillen. All rights reserved.

The technology may be different, but otherwise there's nothing really new about the issues in some litigation that started in Colorado last month.

There are companies, many of them based in Utah and operated by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which sanitize videos for like-minded people to buy and rent. Such purification can include the removal of sex, violence, nudity and profanity.

The litigation was started with a suit filed two of the sanitizers: CleanFlicks of Colorado, and Robert Huntsman, who makes film-editing technology. They wanted a ruling that what they were doing is legal under the copyright laws, and their attorney said their suit was a pre-emptive measure against an anticipated suit from Hollywood.

That suit came last week, when 16 prominent film directors, Steven Soderbergh and Steven Spielberg among them, filed suit in federal court in Denver. They charged that unauthorized revisions infringes on their trademarks and could represent false advertising. Their suit names several companies besides CleanFlicks: Trilogy Studios and ClearPlay, both of Utah; Clean Cut Cinemas of Arizona; and Video II of Sandy, Utah, which supplies videos to Albertson's supermarkets in Utah.

This whole process of taking an existing work, and modifying it for pure-minded sensibilities, is nothing new. Indeed, it's been around so long that it has a name: bowdlerism.

The term, along with the verb bowdlerize, is an eponym from Thomas Bowdler, a high-minded English physician, philanthropist and man of letters who was active about two centuries ago. In 1818 he issued his major work, the Family Shakespeare.

As every English major knows (or at least, English majors of a certain age; for all I know, Shakespeare, as just another dead white guy, may no longer be part of the modern holistic multicultural appreciation curriculum), Shakespeare wrote many scenes that were raunchy, violent, bibulous, lewd and otherwise offensive to some eyes and ears.

But he still wrote some great stuff. As Bowdler put it in his preface, I acknowledge Shakespeare to be the world's greatest dramatic poet. However, he regretted that no parent could place the uncorrected book in the hands of his daughter, and therefore I have prepared the Family Shakespeare... Many words and expressions occur which are of so indecent a nature as to render it highly desirable that they should be erased.... Expressions are omitted which can not with propriety be read aloud in the family.

That sounds about the same as the goal of his ideological descendants, the modern video purifiers. My reaction when I first read about them -- a few years ago, a Utah version of Titanic which omitted the heroine posing topless -- was that they were mutilating someone's artistic vision, which is of course an evil.

But then I happened upon Titanic on TV one night, and I decided to watch it again to examine the class-warfare angle (lock the steerage immigrants below so they'll drown because they can never get near the lifeboats that are reserved for the better elements of society), and lo and behold, Kate Winslet's bosom remained covered throughout the presentation.

Since it seemed unlikely that a television network was broadcasting the movie without the consent of the owners of the film's copyright, the only logical conclusion was that the film-makers had consented to this bowdlerizing.

The movie studio wasn't upholding the artistic integrity of Titanic director James Cameron. The studio was making some extra money from the broadcast rights, and it was willing to adjust the film's presentation as necessary to meet the puritanical restrictions of American network censors.

Thus the real issue isn't presenting an artistic vision in an intact way, since if Hollywood really cared about that, movies would have to be televised without changes and without commercial breaks. Instead, the issue is who gets to do the mutilation, and who gets paid, and how much?

I wouldn't want to rent or watch one of the modern bowdlerized videos, any more than I'd want to replace my complete Shakespeare with Bowdler's family version or my full King James Bible with an abridged Family Bible. Further, I hate to think how short and boring some great works, like Gargantua and Pantagruel by Francois Rabelais, would be if they were converted into fare fit for Utah families.

But as long as it's clear who did the abridging and why, as long as appropriate royalties are paid, and as long as the original is freely available to those of us who prefer to exercise our own judgment about what we watch, then I don't see a real problem with the Utah bowdlerizers. They aren't doing anything that Hollywood doesn't sanction -- if the censoring happens to be performed by a broadcast network.


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